Contacts of the helix formed by residues 195 - 218 (chain B) in PDB entry 4U1D


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ARG 195 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    152B  THR*     4.8    10.3    +      -       -      +
    155B  LEU*     3.2    29.7    +      -       -      +
    156B  ARG*     3.7    28.1    -      -       -      +
    189B  PHE*     3.8    16.9    -      -       +      -
    190B  CYS*     2.9    18.4    +      -       -      +
    193B  TYR*     3.2    37.9    -      -       +      +
    194B  GLN*     1.3    67.5    -      -       -      +
    196B  LYS*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    197B  ASN      3.4     3.1    -      -       -      -
    198B  GLU*     2.8    47.1    +      -       +      +
    199B  PHE*     2.9    28.6    +      -       -      +
    250B  LEU*     5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 196 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    194B  GLN*     2.7    42.8    +      -       -      +
    195B  ARG*     1.3    71.9    -      -       -      +
    197B  ASN*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    199B  PHE*     3.3     7.6    +      -       -      +
    200B  LYS*     3.1    34.2    +      -       -      +
    250B  LEU*     3.3    33.5    +      -       +      -
    251B  GLU*     4.8     9.1    +      -       -      +
    252B  LEU*     3.7    28.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 197 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    195B  ARG      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    196B  LYS*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    198B  GLU*     1.3    64.4    +      -       +      +
    200B  LYS*     3.7    23.8    +      -       -      +
    201B  ARG*     3.4    37.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 198 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    156B  ARG*     2.8    19.8    +      -       -      +
    159B  TRP*     3.2    54.9    -      -       +      +
    189B  PHE*     3.6     4.7    -      -       -      -
    190B  CYS*     4.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    195B  ARG*     2.8    51.6    +      -       +      +
    196B  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    197B  ASN*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
    199B  PHE*     1.3    56.1    +      -       -      +
    201B  ARG*     3.0    27.7    +      -       -      +
    202B  LEU      2.7    32.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 199 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187B  MET*     4.3    19.3    -      -       +      -
    190B  CYS*     3.8    25.2    -      -       +      -
    195B  ARG      2.9    17.0    +      -       -      +
    196B  LYS      3.3     4.7    +      -       -      +
    198B  GLU*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    200B  LYS*     1.3    65.6    -      -       -      +
    202B  LEU*     3.1    12.4    +      -       +      +
    203B  ALA*     3.0    22.8    +      -       +      +
    243B  GLN*     3.4    34.1    -      -       +      -
    246B  VAL*     3.4    30.1    -      -       +      -
    247B  SER*     3.2    24.9    -      -       -      -
    250B  LEU*     4.0     9.2    -      -       +      -
    252B  LEU*     3.7    17.9    -      -       +      -
    255B  GLU*     4.2    11.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 200 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    196B  LYS*     3.1    23.7    +      -       -      +
    197B  ASN*     3.8    25.6    +      -       -      +
    198B  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    199B  PHE*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    201B  ARG*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    203B  ALA*     3.3     6.1    +      -       -      +
    204B  GLU*     3.2    21.0    +      -       -      +
    207B  ARG*     4.6     0.9    +      -       -      -
    252B  LEU*     4.0    32.0    -      -       +      +
    255B  GLU*     4.0    25.0    -      -       +      +
    258B  ARG*     5.5     4.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 201 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    156B  ARG*     3.4    28.3    -      -       -      +
    159B  TRP*     4.0    14.9    -      -       +      +
    163B  ARG*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
    197B  ASN*     3.4    30.2    +      -       -      +
    198B  GLU*     3.0    31.5    +      -       -      +
    200B  LYS*     1.3    75.1    -      -       +      +
    202B  LEU*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    204B  GLU*     3.2     8.8    +      -       -      +
    205B  MET*     3.0    22.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 202 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159B  TRP*     3.6    14.3    -      -       +      -
    166B  LEU*     3.7    13.2    -      -       +      -
    183B  VAL*     5.6     1.6    -      -       +      -
    186B  THR*     3.8    21.5    -      -       +      -
    187B  MET*     3.5    40.2    -      -       +      -
    190B  CYS*     4.5     2.9    -      -       -      -
    198B  GLU      2.7    16.9    +      -       -      +
    199B  PHE*     3.3    19.3    -      -       +      +
    201B  ARG*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    203B  ALA*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    205B  MET*     3.0    30.2    +      -       +      +
    206B  LEU*     3.0    36.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 203 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    199B  PHE*     3.0    14.5    +      -       +      +
    200B  LYS      3.4    10.1    -      -       -      +
    202B  LEU*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
    204B  GLU*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
    206B  LEU*     3.0     6.7    +      -       -      +
    207B  ARG*     3.0    36.0    +      -       -      +
    243B  GLN*     3.4    36.4    +      -       +      +
    255B  GLU*     3.7    13.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 204 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200B  LYS      3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
    201B  ARG*     3.2    10.3    +      -       -      +
    203B  ALA*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    205B  MET*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    207B  ARG*     3.1    34.8    +      -       -      +
    208B  GLN*     3.1    39.0    +      -       -      +
    258B  ARG*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 205 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159B  TRP*     5.0     4.3    -      -       +      -
    163B  ARG*     4.1    29.8    -      -       +      +
    166B  LEU*     3.5    33.4    -      -       +      -
    167B  ASP*     3.7    26.2    -      -       -      +
    201B  ARG      3.0    12.5    +      -       -      +
    202B  LEU*     3.0    23.5    +      -       +      +
    204B  GLU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    206B  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       +      +
    208B  GLN*     3.2    10.1    +      -       -      +
    209B  HIS*     3.0    50.7    +      -       +      +
    467C  LYS*     4.6     8.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 206 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166B  LEU*     4.7     1.8    -      -       +      -
    179B  TYR*     4.0    17.5    -      -       -      +
    183B  VAL*     4.1    18.4    -      -       +      -
    187B  MET*     3.6    21.1    -      -       +      -
    202B  LEU*     3.0    34.1    +      -       +      +
    203B  ALA      3.0     9.6    +      -       -      +
    205B  MET*     1.3    85.6    -      -       +      +
    207B  ARG*     1.3    61.6    -      -       -      +
    209B  HIS*     3.4     6.8    +      -       -      +
    210B  LEU*     3.1    17.0    +      -       -      +
    239B  GLN*     4.5     2.5    -      -       +      +
    240B  ARG*     3.3    38.5    +      -       -      +
    243B  GLN*     3.5    24.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 207 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200B  LYS      4.6     1.0    +      -       -      -
    203B  ALA*     3.0    12.9    +      -       -      +
    204B  GLU*     3.1    57.4    +      -       -      +
    206B  LEU*     1.3    74.7    -      -       +      +
    208B  GLN*     1.3    66.5    +      -       +      +
    210B  LEU*     3.1     7.3    +      -       -      +
    211B  ASP*     3.0    32.6    +      -       -      +
    240B  ARG*     5.2     1.8    -      -       -      +
    243B  GLN*     3.6    10.4    +      -       -      +
    255B  GLU*     2.6    31.7    +      -       -      -
    258B  ARG*     3.7    25.2    -      -       -      +
    259B  SER*     4.0     1.2    +      -       -      -
    262B  ASP*     3.1    36.9    +      -       -      +
    345C  TYR*     5.7     4.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 208 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    204B  GLU*     3.1    31.9    +      -       -      +
    205B  MET*     3.2    10.1    +      -       -      +
    207B  ARG*     1.3    75.2    -      -       +      +
    209B  HIS*     1.3    67.8    +      -       +      +
    211B  ASP*     3.3    10.7    +      -       -      +
    212B  ALA*     3.2    22.7    +      -       -      +
    467C  LYS*     3.6    28.5    -      -       -      +
    471C  GLN*     4.5    24.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 209 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166B  LEU*     3.6    26.2    -      -       +      -
    167B  ASP*     2.8    29.5    +      -       -      -
    170B  ARG*     3.6    26.4    -      -       +      -
    171B  ASN*     3.1    25.2    +      -       -      +
    179B  TYR*     2.8    29.8    +      +       +      +
    205B  MET*     3.0    34.6    +      -       +      +
    206B  LEU*     3.6     9.2    -      -       +      +
    207B  ARG      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    208B  GLN*     1.3    82.3    -      -       +      +
    210B  LEU*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
    212B  ALA*     3.3     1.5    +      -       -      -
    213B  ALA      3.1    20.4    +      -       -      -
    240B  ARG*     5.6     0.7    -      -       -      +
    467C  LYS*     5.1     3.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 210 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    206B  LEU      3.1     7.6    +      -       -      +
    207B  ARG*     3.1     7.4    +      -       -      +
    209B  HIS*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    211B  ASP*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    213B  ALA*     3.1    16.2    +      -       +      +
    214B  ASN*     3.0    41.7    +      -       -      +
    227B  LEU*     4.3    11.0    -      -       +      -
    236B  TYR*     4.1    28.3    -      -       +      -
    240B  ARG*     3.6    28.7    -      -       -      +
    266B  LEU*     3.7    31.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 211 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    207B  ARG*     3.0    23.5    +      -       -      +
    208B  GLN*     3.3    10.6    +      -       -      +
    210B  LEU*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    212B  ALA*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    214B  ASN*     3.4    10.7    +      -       -      +
    215B  TYR*     3.1    26.7    +      -       -      +
    343C  ILE*     5.6     5.2    -      -       -      +
    474C  VAL*     4.0    27.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 212 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171B  ASN*     3.5    19.5    -      -       -      +
    208B  GLN      3.2    13.0    +      -       -      +
    209B  HIS*     3.5     3.6    -      -       -      +
    210B  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    211B  ASP*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    213B  ALA*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    215B  TYR*     3.3     7.4    +      -       -      +
    216B  GLN*     3.1    31.6    +      -       -      +
    470C  LEU*     4.0    26.9    -      -       +      -
    474C  VAL*     4.5     6.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 213 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171B  ASN*     3.8    12.1    -      -       -      +
    209B  HIS      3.1    13.0    +      -       -      +
    210B  LEU*     3.1    20.3    +      -       +      +
    212B  ALA*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    214B  ASN*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    216B  GLN*     3.1    20.0    +      -       -      +
    217B  GLN*     3.1    20.4    +      -       -      +
    225B  VAL*     4.7    13.2    -      -       +      -
    227B  LEU*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      -
    236B  TYR*     4.9     1.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 214 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    197A  ASN*     4.2     5.0    -      -       -      +
    200A  LYS*     4.5    15.3    -      -       +      +
    254A  HIS*     6.0     3.8    -      -       -      -
    210B  LEU*     3.0    31.5    +      -       -      +
    211B  ASP*     3.7    12.1    -      -       -      +
    212B  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    213B  ALA*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    215B  TYR*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    216B  GLN      3.3     0.3    +      -       -      -
    217B  GLN*     3.3    22.7    +      -       -      +
    218B  SER      4.6     0.3    +      -       -      -
    227B  LEU*     3.4    18.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 215 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    197A  ASN*     3.2    49.3    +      -       +      +
    211B  ASP      3.1    17.6    +      -       -      +
    212B  ALA*     3.8     4.7    -      -       -      +
    213B  ALA      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    214B  ASN*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    216B  GLN*     1.3    70.2    +      -       +      +
    217B  GLN      3.3     0.7    +      -       -      -
    218B  SER      4.3     1.0    +      -       -      -
    219B  LYS*     3.4    25.3    +      -       +      +
    470C  LEU*     5.0     9.4    -      -       +      -
    473C  ALA*     3.3    41.8    -      -       +      +
    474C  VAL*     3.9    18.6    -      -       +      -
    479C  SER*     3.6    12.2    -      -       -      -
    480C  ILE*     3.2    34.3    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 216 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171B  ASN*     3.9    22.0    -      -       -      +
    212B  ALA*     3.1    22.3    +      -       -      +
    213B  ALA*     3.1     6.5    +      -       -      +
    215B  TYR*     1.3    85.6    -      -       +      +
    217B  GLN*     1.3    67.5    +      -       -      +
    218B  SER      3.3     1.3    -      -       -      -
    219B  LYS*     3.1    25.3    +      -       +      +
    224B  LEU*     3.2    44.8    -      -       +      +
    225B  VAL*     5.4     1.7    +      -       -      +
    470C  LEU*     3.4    32.1    -      -       +      +
    484C  HIS*     5.1    11.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 217 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200A  LYS*     5.1     9.6    -      -       -      +
    213B  ALA      3.1    24.5    +      -       -      +
    214B  ASN*     3.4    22.7    -      -       -      +
    215B  TYR      3.3     0.8    -      -       -      -
    216B  GLN*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
    218B  SER*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
    219B  LYS      3.2     4.9    +      -       -      -
    220B  SER      4.3     3.6    +      -       -      -
    225B  VAL*     2.7    29.5    +      -       -      +
    226B  ASP*     3.9     9.4    -      -       -      +
    227B  LEU*     3.1    43.4    +      -       +      +
    228B  SER*     4.2     5.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 218 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    196A  LYS*     3.9    36.2    -      -       -      +
    197A  ASN*     3.5    27.4    +      -       -      -
    200A  LYS*     4.1    11.7    -      -       -      -
    252A  LEU*     5.1     2.5    -      -       -      -
    214B  ASN      4.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
    215B  TYR      4.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    216B  GLN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    217B  GLN*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    219B  LYS*     1.3    69.4    +      -       -      +
    220B  SER*     5.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il