Contacts of the helix formed by residues 498 - 519 (chain A) in PDB entry 5AM8


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TYR 498 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    259A  GLN*     3.7    10.0    +      -       -      -
    435A  PHE*     3.3    36.8    -      +       -      -
    438A  PHE*     3.4    25.0    -      +       -      -
    439A  GLY*     3.8    16.7    -      -       -      +
    442A  VAL*     3.6    27.1    -      -       +      -
    443A  ASP*     2.8    24.8    +      -       -      +
    446A  ARG*     3.4     4.7    -      -       -      +
    489A  LYS*     3.7     8.7    +      -       +      -
    491A  HIS*     3.6    45.1    -      +       +      -
    497A  PRO*     1.3    71.6    -      -       -      +
    499A  ILE*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    500A  ARG      3.1     3.1    -      -       -      -
    501A  TYR*     2.9    39.8    +      +       -      +
    502A  PHE      3.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 499 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    198A  TRP*     5.9     2.0    -      -       +      +
    199A  ARG*     6.1     0.7    -      -       +      -
    202A  TYR*     3.9    26.5    -      -       +      +
    207A  PHE*     4.0    11.7    -      -       +      -
    211A  LEU*     3.9    33.9    -      -       +      -
    439A  GLY      4.1     9.4    -      -       -      +
    440A  TYR*     4.2    18.8    -      -       +      +
    443A  ASP*     3.0    19.8    +      -       +      +
    447A  TRP*     4.2    18.6    -      -       +      +
    497A  PRO*     5.7     3.6    -      -       +      -
    498A  TYR*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    500A  ARG*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
    501A  TYR      3.0     1.2    +      -       -      -
    502A  PHE*     3.0    30.3    +      -       +      +
    503A  VAL*     3.0    12.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 500 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    201A  TRP*     3.7    16.2    -      -       -      -
    202A  TYR*     3.4    17.9    -      -       -      +
    385A  PRO*     3.7    26.6    -      -       +      +
    386A  GLY*     3.4     7.4    -      -       -      +
    389A  GLU*     3.5    34.5    +      -       +      -
    496A  THR*     3.7    19.6    -      -       -      +
    497A  PRO*     3.3    51.4    +      -       -      +
    498A  TYR      3.9     0.4    -      -       -      +
    499A  ILE*     1.3    82.0    -      -       -      +
    501A  TYR*     1.3    73.7    +      -       +      +
    503A  VAL*     4.4     1.1    -      -       -      -
    504A  SER*     2.8    29.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 501 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    331A  HIS*     5.6     0.2    +      -       -      -
    361A  HIS*     4.4    11.2    +      +       -      -
    389A  GLU*     3.2    41.4    +      -       +      -
    435A  PHE*     3.6    25.4    -      +       +      -
    491A  HIS*     2.9    36.4    +      +       -      -
    496A  THR*     4.3     6.8    -      -       -      +
    497A  PRO      3.9     3.4    -      -       -      -
    498A  TYR*     2.9    45.5    +      +       +      +
    500A  ARG*     1.3    84.2    -      -       +      +
    502A  PHE*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    504A  SER*     3.4     4.2    -      -       -      -
    505A  PHE*     2.9    42.5    +      +       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 502 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    211A  LEU*     3.9    40.4    -      -       +      -
    214A  LEU*     4.3    13.0    -      -       +      -
    215A  TYR*     4.0    31.0    -      +       +      -
    218A  LEU*     3.9    26.5    -      -       +      -
    435A  PHE*     4.3     2.5    -      -       -      -
    436A  LEU*     3.5    36.8    -      -       +      -
    439A  GLY*     3.6    22.0    +      -       -      +
    440A  TYR*     3.9    10.8    -      +       +      -
    498A  TYR      3.9     1.6    +      -       -      -
    499A  ILE*     3.0    16.6    +      -       +      +
    501A  TYR*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    503A  VAL*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    505A  PHE*     3.2    13.2    +      -       -      +
    506A  VAL*     3.3    17.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 503 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    202A  TYR*     4.3    20.2    -      -       +      -
    207A  PHE*     4.4     3.4    -      -       +      -
    211A  LEU*     4.2    24.5    -      -       +      -
    384A  ASN*     4.4    10.1    -      -       -      +
    386A  GLY*     4.0    16.2    -      -       -      -
    499A  ILE*     3.0    16.4    +      -       +      +
    500A  ARG*     3.7     7.4    -      -       -      +
    502A  PHE*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    504A  SER*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    506A  VAL*     3.3     6.2    +      -       -      +
    507A  LEU*     2.9    34.4    +      -       +      +
    565A  LEU*     3.9    32.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 504 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    386A  GLY*     3.6    12.5    -      -       -      -
    389A  GLU*     3.1    38.9    +      -       -      +
    390A  ALA*     3.3     7.4    -      -       -      +
    393A  ASP*     4.3     0.9    +      -       -      -
    500A  ARG      2.8    22.8    +      -       -      -
    501A  TYR*     3.3     7.8    +      -       -      -
    503A  VAL*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    505A  PHE*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    507A  LEU*     3.8     1.7    -      -       -      +
    508A  GLN*     2.8    39.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 505 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    361A  HIS*     6.4     0.9    -      +       -      -
    393A  ASP*     3.7    19.1    -      -       -      -
    431A  GLU*     3.7    15.3    -      -       +      -
    432A  LYS*     3.5    39.7    -      -       +      -
    435A  PHE*     3.5    45.5    -      +       +      -
    436A  LEU*     4.0    14.4    -      -       +      -
    501A  TYR*     2.9    36.8    +      +       +      +
    502A  PHE*     3.2     5.1    +      -       -      +
    504A  SER*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    506A  VAL*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    508A  GLN*     3.5    12.0    -      -       -      +
    509A  PHE*     3.1    31.4    -      +       -      -
    570A  LEU*     3.7     4.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 506 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    214A  LEU*     4.4    24.0    -      -       +      -
    218A  LEU*     4.1    26.5    -      -       +      -
    436A  LEU*     4.9     4.0    -      -       +      -
    502A  PHE*     3.3    17.1    +      -       +      +
    503A  VAL*     3.3     8.4    +      -       -      +
    504A  SER      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    505A  PHE*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    507A  LEU*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    509A  PHE*     3.2    16.6    +      -       -      +
    510A  GLN*     3.6    15.7    +      -       -      +
    565A  LEU*     4.6     4.5    -      -       +      -
    566A  ASP      3.6    31.5    -      -       -      +
    567A  ALA*     4.4     5.6    -      -       -      +
    570A  LEU*     4.5    10.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 507 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    384A  ASN*     5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
    386A  GLY      3.9     7.9    -      -       -      +
    387A  PHE*     3.7    45.1    -      -       +      +
    390A  ALA*     4.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
    503A  VAL*     2.9    24.8    +      -       +      +
    504A  SER      3.8     2.5    -      -       -      +
    506A  VAL*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    508A  GLN*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
    510A  GLN*     2.9    31.5    +      -       -      +
    511A  PHE*     2.9    35.0    +      -       +      -
    556A  LEU*     3.7    31.9    -      -       +      -
    565A  LEU*     3.8    19.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 508 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    390A  ALA*     4.1    10.0    -      -       +      +
    393A  ASP*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
    394A  VAL*     3.6    28.9    -      -       +      +
    397A  LEU*     3.9    13.6    -      -       +      +
    432A  LYS*     2.7    34.4    +      -       -      +
    504A  SER*     2.8    32.6    +      -       -      +
    505A  PHE*     3.5    23.9    -      -       -      +
    506A  VAL      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    507A  LEU*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    509A  PHE*     1.3    66.7    +      -       +      +
    511A  PHE*     4.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    512A  HIS*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 509 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    397A  LEU*     4.1    19.5    -      -       +      -
    432A  LYS*     4.1    19.1    -      -       +      -
    505A  PHE      3.1    28.7    -      -       -      -
    506A  VAL      3.2     5.8    +      -       -      +
    507A  LEU      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
    508A  GLN*     1.3    87.9    -      -       +      +
    510A  GLN*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    512A  HIS*     3.7     4.7    -      +       -      +
    513A  GLU*     3.0    19.1    +      -       -      +
    525A  LEU*     5.0     2.6    -      -       +      +
    569A  PRO*     3.5    12.1    -      -       -      +
    570A  LEU*     3.6    42.2    -      -       +      +
    573A  TYR*     3.5    52.7    -      +       +      -
    574A  PHE*     3.6    20.6    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 510 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    506A  VAL*     3.6     5.4    +      -       -      +
    507A  LEU*     2.9    32.5    +      -       +      +
    509A  PHE*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    511A  PHE*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    513A  GLU*     3.8     2.8    -      -       -      +
    514A  ALA*     3.1    24.3    +      -       -      +
    556A  LEU*     4.2     3.6    -      -       -      +
    560A  VAL*     3.6    30.0    -      -       +      +
    562A  LEU*     4.4     3.2    -      -       -      +
    564A  ALA      3.1    21.2    +      -       -      -
    565A  LEU*     3.4    10.0    -      -       -      +
    566A  ASP*     3.0    45.8    +      -       -      +
    569A  PRO*     3.9    17.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 511 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    387A  PHE*     3.9    22.0    -      +       -      -
    390A  ALA*     3.9    23.3    -      -       +      -
    391A  ILE*     4.2    19.7    -      -       +      -
    394A  VAL*     3.6    31.9    -      -       +      -
    507A  LEU*     2.9    43.5    +      -       +      -
    508A  GLN      3.7     1.3    -      -       -      +
    510A  GLN*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    512A  HIS*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    514A  ALA*     3.3     1.4    +      -       -      +
    515A  LEU*     2.9    36.4    +      -       +      +
    540A  LEU*     5.4     2.2    -      -       +      -
    543A  VAL*     5.1     1.8    -      -       +      -
    556A  LEU*     3.7    11.2    -      -       +      -
    559A  MET*     3.1    41.1    -      -       +      -
    560A  VAL*     4.2     4.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 512 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    394A  VAL*     4.2    15.5    +      -       +      +
    397A  LEU*     4.0    30.1    +      -       +      +
    398A  SER*     4.0    14.7    +      -       -      -
    508A  GLN      2.9    19.5    +      -       -      +
    509A  PHE*     3.7     7.6    -      +       -      +
    510A  GLN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    511A  PHE*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    513A  GLU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    515A  LEU*     3.9     2.1    -      -       -      +
    516A  CYS*     2.9    52.7    +      -       -      -
    525A  LEU*     3.3    44.0    +      -       +      -
    526A  HIS*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    528A  CYS*     3.9    16.0    +      -       -      +
    530A  ILE*     5.0     2.8    -      -       -      +
    573A  TYR*     4.2    19.6    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 513 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    509A  PHE      3.0    17.4    +      -       -      +
    510A  GLN      3.8     4.1    -      -       -      +
    512A  HIS*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    514A  ALA*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
    516A  CYS*     3.8     1.4    -      -       -      +
    517A  LYS*     3.0    34.3    +      -       +      +
    525A  LEU*     3.8    22.6    -      -       +      +
    569A  PRO*     3.4    25.9    -      -       +      +
    572A  LYS*     2.7    43.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 514 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    510A  GLN      3.1     7.6    +      -       -      +
    511A  PHE*     3.7     3.4    -      -       -      +
    513A  GLU*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    515A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       +      +
    517A  LYS*     3.3     8.5    +      -       -      +
    518A  GLU*     2.9    28.7    +      -       -      +
    539A  LYS*     4.3     8.3    -      -       +      +
    559A  MET*     3.6    17.5    -      -       +      +
    560A  VAL*     3.5    38.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 515 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    394A  VAL*     3.7    25.8    -      -       +      -
    511A  PHE*     2.9    21.2    +      -       +      +
    512A  HIS*     4.0     2.9    -      -       -      +
    514A  ALA*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    516A  CYS*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    518A  GLU*     3.3     4.8    +      -       -      +
    519A  ALA*     2.9    30.7    +      -       -      +
    530A  ILE*     4.1    24.7    -      -       +      -
    536A  ALA*     3.2    36.0    -      -       +      +
    539A  LYS*     4.0    12.1    -      -       +      -
    540A  LEU*     4.0    26.5    -      -       +      +
    559A  MET*     4.0    20.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 516 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    512A  HIS*     2.9    44.0    +      -       -      +
    513A  GLU      3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
    515A  LEU*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
    517A  LYS*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    519A  ALA*     3.4     2.3    +      -       -      +
    520A  GLY      3.3     3.1    +      -       -      -
    521A  TYR*     3.1    35.7    +      -       +      +
    525A  LEU*     4.2     9.6    -      -       +      -
    528A  CYS*     2.0    53.4    -      -       +      -
    530A  ILE*     3.9     5.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 517 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    513A  GLU*     3.0    22.1    +      -       +      +
    514A  ALA*     3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
    516A  CYS*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    518A  GLU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    520A  GLY*     3.1    14.4    +      -       -      -
    521A  TYR      4.6     5.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 518 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    514A  ALA      2.9    17.4    +      -       -      +
    515A  LEU*     3.3     6.3    +      -       -      +
    517A  LYS*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    519A  ALA*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
    520A  GLY*     3.1     1.1    +      -       -      -
    535A  LYS*     3.5    58.5    +      -       +      +
    536A  ALA*     4.6     1.6    -      -       -      -
    539A  LYS*     3.7    35.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 519 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    515A  LEU      2.9    17.3    +      -       -      +
    516A  CYS*     3.4     7.2    +      -       -      +
    517A  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    518A  GLU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    520A  GLY*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    521A  TYR*     3.5     5.5    +      -       +      +
    529A  ASP      5.7     1.1    -      -       -      +
    530A  ILE*     4.9     8.3    -      -       +      -
    533A  SER*     3.0    36.8    +      -       -      +
    535A  LYS*     4.8     9.2    +      -       -      +
    536A  ALA*     4.2     2.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il