Contacts of the helix formed by residues 422 - 444 (chain B) in PDB entry 5FWP


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 422 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    418B  GLU      3.3     6.3    +      -       -      +
    419B  LEU*     2.9    16.2    +      -       -      +
    420B  ALA      3.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
    421B  GLU*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    423B  LYS*     1.3    50.9    +      -       -      +
    424B  GLU*     3.4     8.0    +      -       -      +
    425B  ASN*     2.9    25.6    +      -       +      +
    426B  TYR      2.8    27.9    +      -       -      -
    129E  VAL*     3.7    10.1    -      -       +      +
    131E  THR*     2.5    33.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 423 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    420B  ALA      3.7    10.1    -      -       -      +
    421B  GLU      2.9    11.5    +      -       -      +
    422B  ASP*     1.3    70.4    +      -       -      +
    424B  GLU*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    426B  TYR*     3.3     4.2    +      -       -      +
    427B  LYS*     2.9    57.8    +      -       +      +
    465B  GLU*     2.7    30.0    +      -       -      -
    466B  MET      6.0     0.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 424 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    422B  ASP*     3.0     7.6    +      -       -      +
    423B  LYS*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
    425B  ASN*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
    427B  LYS*     2.8    35.5    +      -       -      +
    428B  LYS*     3.3    44.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 425 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    316B  LEU*     4.0    23.8    -      -       +      +
    337B  ARG*     4.6     2.9    +      -       -      -
    419B  LEU*     4.1    10.8    -      -       +      -
    422B  ASP*     2.9    18.3    +      -       -      +
    424B  GLU*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    426B  TYR*     1.3    59.6    -      -       -      +
    428B  LYS*     3.3    33.2    +      -       -      +
    429B  PHE*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
    129E  VAL*     4.1     2.3    -      -       +      +
    130E  ASN      5.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
    131E  THR*     2.4    48.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 426 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    416B  PHE      4.2     3.1    -      -       -      -
    419B  LEU*     3.3    27.0    +      -       +      +
    420B  ALA*     3.6    32.3    -      -       +      +
    422B  ASP      2.8     9.6    +      -       -      +
    423B  LYS*     3.6     7.4    -      -       -      +
    425B  ASN*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    427B  LYS*     1.3    59.8    +      -       +      +
    429B  PHE*     3.0    25.6    +      +       -      +
    430B  TYR*     2.7    59.4    +      +       +      +
    437B  LEU*     4.1     1.7    -      -       -      +
    454B  LEU*     2.6    53.1    +      -       +      +
    456B  ARG*     4.0    24.5    -      -       +      -
    466B  MET*     4.8     3.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 427 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    423B  LYS*     2.9    46.1    +      -       +      +
    424B  GLU*     2.8    38.3    +      -       -      +
    426B  TYR*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
    428B  LYS*     1.3    56.9    +      -       +      +
    430B  TYR*     3.3     0.5    +      -       -      +
    431B  GLU*     2.9    45.6    +      -       -      +
    465B  GLU*     5.5    10.2    +      -       +      +
    466B  MET*     3.7    28.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 428 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    316B  LEU*     5.1     9.0    -      -       +      -
    337B  ARG*     4.8    13.7    -      -       -      +
    424B  GLU*     3.5    30.7    -      -       -      +
    425B  ASN*     3.3    32.8    +      -       +      +
    426B  TYR      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    427B  LYS*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
    429B  PHE*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    431B  GLU*     3.5    12.1    +      -       -      +
    432B  ALA*     3.2    22.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 429 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    316B  LEU*     3.7     8.9    -      -       +      +
    335B  ILE*     3.6    34.1    -      -       +      -
    337B  ARG      5.6     0.7    -      -       -      -
    376B  PHE*     3.8    15.7    -      +       -      -
    416B  PHE*     3.6    33.4    -      +       -      -
    419B  LEU*     3.5    17.9    -      -       +      -
    425B  ASN      2.9    14.7    +      -       -      +
    426B  TYR*     3.3    32.8    -      +       -      +
    428B  LYS*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    430B  TYR*     1.3    60.6    +      +       -      +
    432B  ALA*     3.1     3.6    +      -       -      -
    433B  PHE*     2.7    66.3    +      +       +      -
    437B  LEU*     6.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
    454B  LEU*     5.9     2.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 430 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    426B  TYR*     2.7    47.9    +      +       +      +
    427B  LYS      3.7     2.7    -      -       -      +
    429B  PHE*     1.3    76.9    -      +       -      +
    431B  GLU*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    434B  SER*     2.7    55.4    +      -       -      +
    437B  LEU*     3.6    17.5    -      -       +      -
    438B  LYS*     4.0    18.0    +      -       -      -
    454B  LEU      3.3    17.9    -      -       -      -
    455B  LEU*     3.9     3.5    -      -       -      +
    456B  ARG*     2.6    35.1    +      -       +      -
    457B  TYR*     5.0     0.5    -      -       -      -
    466B  MET*     3.3    33.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 431 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    427B  LYS*     2.9    35.3    +      -       -      +
    428B  LYS*     3.7    11.5    -      -       -      +
    430B  TYR*     1.3    83.7    -      -       +      +
    432B  ALA*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    434B  SER*     4.5     5.3    +      -       -      -
    435B  LYS*     6.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
    466B  MET*     5.2     5.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 432 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    337B  ARG      4.1    12.3    -      -       -      +
    338B  ARG*     4.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    339B  ALA*     3.8    21.9    -      -       +      +
    343B  LEU*     5.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
    428B  LYS      3.2     9.9    +      -       -      +
    429B  PHE*     3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    431B  GLU*     1.3    81.5    -      -       -      +
    433B  PHE*     1.3    85.8    +      -       +      +
    434B  SER      3.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    435B  LYS*     5.2     7.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 433 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    336B  PRO*     3.4    44.0    -      -       +      -
    337B  ARG      4.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
    338B  ARG      4.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    339B  ALA*     3.6    36.3    -      -       +      -
    340B  PRO*     4.5     2.7    -      -       +      -
    343B  LEU*     4.6     3.4    -      -       +      -
    376B  PHE*     3.6    28.5    -      +       +      -
    429B  PHE*     2.7    57.2    +      +       +      +
    430B  TYR*     4.6     1.3    -      -       -      -
    432B  ALA*     1.3    88.5    -      -       +      +
    434B  SER*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    435B  LYS*     3.1     3.4    -      -       -      +
    436B  ASN*     2.9    42.6    +      -       +      +
    437B  LEU*     3.1    10.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 434 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    429B  PHE*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    430B  TYR*     2.7    62.5    +      -       -      -
    431B  GLU*     4.5     4.9    +      -       -      -
    432B  ALA      3.8     0.6    -      -       -      -
    433B  PHE*     1.3    71.6    -      -       -      +
    435B  LYS*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    437B  LEU*     3.3     9.8    -      -       -      +
    438B  LYS*     2.8    38.4    +      -       -      +
    515B  GLU*     4.3    11.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 435 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    611A  LEU      3.3    28.5    +      -       -      +
    612A  ARG*     4.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
    613A  ASP*     3.8    32.9    -      -       -      +
    343B  LEU*     6.0     1.6    -      -       +      -
    344B  PHE*     3.7    26.8    -      -       +      -
    431B  GLU      6.2     0.4    -      -       -      +
    432B  ALA      5.5     5.8    -      -       -      +
    433B  PHE*     3.1     2.2    -      -       -      -
    434B  SER*     1.3    82.3    +      -       -      +
    436B  ASN*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    438B  LYS*     3.5     2.4    +      -       -      +
    439B  LEU*     2.8    26.7    +      -       -      +
    515B  GLU*     2.7    34.5    +      -       -      +
    516B  PRO*     6.2     1.0    -      -       -      +
    517B  ILE*     4.0    21.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 436 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    343B  LEU*     3.8    26.5    -      -       -      +
    344B  PHE*     4.5     9.5    -      -       -      -
    372B  GLU      5.1     2.0    +      -       -      +
    373B  TYR*     3.2    31.4    +      -       -      +
    375B  ASN      5.2     1.2    +      -       -      -
    376B  PHE*     3.5    29.3    -      -       +      -
    433B  PHE*     2.9    25.2    +      -       -      +
    435B  LYS*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    437B  LEU*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    439B  LEU*     3.2    17.7    +      -       -      +
    440B  GLY*     2.8    24.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 437 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    373B  TYR*     5.4     1.6    -      -       -      -
    416B  PHE*     6.2     0.7    -      -       +      -
    426B  TYR*     4.1     1.1    -      -       -      +
    429B  PHE*     6.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
    430B  TYR*     3.6    20.9    -      -       +      -
    433B  PHE      3.1     7.6    +      -       -      +
    434B  SER*     3.2    12.8    +      -       -      +
    436B  ASN*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    438B  LYS*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    440B  GLY*     3.0     4.7    +      -       -      -
    441B  ILE*     3.0    25.5    +      -       -      +
    451B  LEU*     3.4    42.9    -      -       +      +
    454B  LEU*     3.5    46.4    -      -       +      +
    455B  LEU*     3.7    15.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 438 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    430B  TYR*     4.0    20.9    +      -       -      -
    434B  SER*     2.8    21.3    +      -       -      +
    435B  LYS      3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
    437B  LEU*     1.3    72.7    -      -       -      +
    439B  LEU*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
    441B  ILE*     3.1    12.5    +      -       -      +
    442B  HIS*     3.0    21.7    +      -       -      +
    455B  LEU*     4.1    14.1    -      -       +      -
    456B  ARG      5.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    457B  TYR*     4.2    19.6    -      -       -      -
    515B  GLU*     2.8    23.9    +      -       -      +
    517B  ILE*     3.7    23.6    -      -       +      +
    518B  ASP*     2.8    32.8    +      -       -      +
    521B  CYS*     4.1    18.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 439 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    611A  LEU*     6.0     6.3    -      -       +      -
    344B  PHE*     5.8     7.0    -      -       +      -
    372B  GLU*     4.5    13.0    -      -       +      +
    373B  TYR*     3.8    27.6    -      -       +      +
    435B  LYS      2.8    19.7    +      -       -      +
    436B  ASN*     3.3    16.6    -      -       -      +
    437B  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    438B  LYS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    440B  GLY*     1.3    51.7    +      -       -      +
    442B  HIS*     3.0    12.9    +      -       +      +
    443B  GLU*     2.7    63.9    +      -       +      +
    517B  ILE*     5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
     92K  VAL*     5.5     7.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 440 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    373B  TYR*     3.4    33.3    -      -       -      +
    436B  ASN      2.8    10.7    +      -       -      -
    437B  LEU      3.0     4.9    +      -       -      -
    439B  LEU*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    441B  ILE*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    443B  GLU      4.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    444B  ASP*     2.7    34.0    +      -       -      +
    451B  LEU*     3.6    11.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 441 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    437B  LEU      3.0    19.7    +      -       -      +
    438B  LYS*     3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
    440B  GLY*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    442B  HIS*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    448B  ARG*     2.7    68.1    +      -       +      +
    451B  LEU*     3.6    16.8    -      -       +      -
    452B  SER*     3.6    15.7    -      -       -      +
    455B  LEU*     4.2     9.2    -      -       +      -
    521B  CYS*     3.7    39.3    -      -       -      +
    524B  GLN*     3.5    12.0    -      -       +      +
    525B  LEU*     4.2     6.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 442 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347A  LYS*     5.4     1.4    +      -       -      -
    438B  LYS      3.0    11.2    +      -       -      +
    439B  LEU*     3.0    15.3    +      -       +      +
    441B  ILE*     1.3    81.0    -      -       -      +
    443B  GLU*     1.3    83.7    +      -       +      +
    448B  ARG*     4.2     5.4    +      -       -      -
    520B  TYR*     3.5    44.0    +      +       +      +
    523B  GLN*     4.3     2.2    -      -       -      -
    524B  GLN*     4.2     5.8    -      -       -      +
     92K  VAL*     4.3    15.0    -      -       +      +
     93K  PHE      2.7    30.1    +      -       -      -
     95K  HIS*     3.0    60.2    +      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 443 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347A  LYS*     2.7    36.3    +      -       -      +
    372B  GLU*     6.1     3.4    -      -       +      -
    373B  TYR*     4.6    10.3    -      -       +      +
    439B  LEU*     2.7    46.1    +      -       +      +
    440B  GLY*     4.3     2.5    -      -       -      +
    442B  HIS*     1.3    94.3    -      -       -      +
    444B  ASP*     1.3    61.8    +      -       +      +
    445B  SER*     3.6     3.8    +      -       -      -
    448B  ARG*     5.0     0.8    +      -       -      -
     92K  VAL*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
     93K  PHE      5.8     0.3    +      -       -      -
     95K  HIS*     5.7     2.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 444 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    371B  PRO*     5.6     1.4    -      -       -      +
    373B  TYR*     2.7    38.3    +      -       +      +
    440B  GLY      2.7    20.5    +      -       -      +
    443B  GLU*     1.3    70.6    -      -       -      +
    445B  SER*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
    446B  THR*     2.7    27.6    +      -       -      +
    447B  ASN*     2.9    25.8    +      -       -      +
    448B  ARG*     3.4    26.0    +      -       -      +
    451B  LEU*     4.5     2.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il