Contacts of the helix formed by residues 508 - 542 (chain A) in PDB entry 5MKE
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 508 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
502A TYR* 2.2 72.1 + - + +
503A PHE* 4.0 3.0 - - - +
504A ARG 4.8 1.0 - - - +
505A SER* 4.7 2.0 - - - -
506A PHE* 3.2 22.5 - - - +
507A TRP* 1.3 71.5 - - - +
509A CYS* 1.3 82.5 + - - +
510A LEU 3.3 1.6 - - - -
511A ASP* 3.1 17.6 + - - +
512A VAL* 3.3 14.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with CYS 509 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
502A TYR* 6.0 2.0 - - + -
508A ASN* 1.3 89.0 + - - +
510A LEU* 1.3 52.3 + - + +
512A VAL* 2.7 18.9 + - - +
513A VAL* 2.3 55.5 + - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 510 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
506A PHE 4.3 18.2 - - - +
507A TRP* 5.3 3.4 - - - +
508A ASN 3.3 1.7 - - - +
509A CYS* 1.3 76.5 - - + +
511A ASP* 1.3 69.3 + - - +
513A VAL* 3.1 27.1 + - + +
514A ILE* 4.0 3.5 + - - +
568A PHE* 4.1 35.6 - - + +
571A ILE* 6.0 6.1 - - + -
575A LYS* 5.4 6.7 - - - +
1008A PLM 5.8 12.6 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ASP 511 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
507A TRP* 2.7 19.6 - - - +
508A ASN* 3.1 8.6 + - - +
510A LEU* 1.3 75.5 - - - +
512A VAL* 1.3 64.1 + - + +
514A ILE* 3.0 24.4 - - - +
515A VAL* 4.5 1.0 - - - +
572A LYS* 4.0 27.1 + - - +
575A LYS* 2.4 33.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 512 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
491A GLU* 4.9 20.0 - - + -
495A ILE* 6.3 3.1 - - + -
502A TYR* 6.3 3.8 - - + -
508A ASN 3.6 7.0 - - - +
509A CYS* 2.7 36.7 + - + +
511A ASP* 1.3 77.1 - - + +
513A VAL* 1.3 63.2 + - - +
514A ILE 3.3 2.0 - - - -
515A VAL* 3.1 33.1 - - + +
516A VAL* 3.9 6.2 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 513 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
509A CYS* 2.3 58.0 + - - +
510A LEU* 3.1 21.7 + - + +
512A VAL* 1.3 67.8 - - - +
514A ILE* 1.3 66.3 + - - +
515A VAL 2.9 1.6 + - - -
516A VAL* 3.2 10.8 + - + +
517A LEU* 3.0 45.1 + - + +
568A PHE* 4.9 15.0 - - + -
1007A PX6 5.1 10.1 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ILE 514 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
230A PHE* 6.2 4.3 - - + -
484A ILE* 6.4 1.8 - - + -
510A LEU 4.0 3.4 + - - +
511A ASP 3.0 24.2 - - - +
513A VAL* 1.3 78.9 - - - +
515A VAL* 1.3 63.4 + - + +
517A LEU* 2.8 16.7 + - + +
518A SER* 2.4 51.0 + - - +
565A THR* 5.2 3.4 - - - -
568A PHE* 5.3 8.7 - - + +
569A VAL* 3.8 33.0 - - + +
572A LYS* 6.3 0.2 - - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 515 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
487A TYR 5.8 2.2 - - - +
488A VAL* 5.4 16.2 - - + +
491A GLU* 5.5 10.5 - - + +
492A ILE* 5.9 5.6 - - + -
511A ASP 4.5 0.7 - - - +
512A VAL* 3.1 35.9 - - + +
513A VAL 2.9 0.2 + - - -
514A ILE* 1.3 82.9 - - + +
516A VAL* 1.3 68.0 + - + +
518A SER* 2.7 22.2 + - - -
519A VAL* 3.4 15.6 + - + +
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Residues in contact with VAL 516 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
512A VAL 4.6 6.5 - - - +
513A VAL* 3.2 8.4 + - - +
515A VAL* 1.3 78.4 - - + +
517A LEU* 1.3 70.2 + - + +
519A VAL* 3.1 16.3 - - + +
520A VAL* 3.0 29.7 - - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 517 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
513A VAL* 3.0 36.9 + - + +
514A ILE* 2.8 18.4 + - + +
516A VAL* 1.3 83.1 - - + +
518A SER* 1.3 66.9 + - - +
520A VAL* 3.2 13.9 + - - +
521A ALA* 3.7 3.6 + - - +
561A ILE* 3.6 30.2 - - + +
564A VAL* 5.1 5.8 - - + -
565A THR* 3.5 30.9 - - + +
568A PHE* 4.2 20.6 - - + -
1007A PX6 5.3 16.2 - - + -
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Residues in contact with SER 518 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
484A ILE* 4.5 16.2 - - - +
488A VAL* 5.9 0.5 - - - +
514A ILE* 2.4 39.8 + - - +
515A VAL* 2.7 26.2 + - - -
517A LEU* 1.3 69.4 - - - +
519A VAL* 1.3 71.2 + - - +
520A VAL 3.0 0.2 + - - -
521A ALA* 3.3 7.1 + - - +
522A ILE* 3.0 34.0 + - - +
565A THR* 5.0 4.9 - - - -
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Residues in contact with VAL 519 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
488A VAL* 5.0 18.2 - - + -
515A VAL* 3.4 18.6 - - + +
516A VAL* 3.1 21.3 - - + +
518A SER* 1.3 85.7 + - - +
520A VAL* 1.3 60.9 + - + +
522A ILE* 2.9 16.3 + - + -
523A GLY* 2.4 35.3 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 520 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
516A VAL* 3.0 29.8 - - + +
517A LEU 3.4 7.2 - - - +
518A SER 3.0 0.8 + - - -
519A VAL* 1.3 80.1 - - + +
521A ALA* 1.3 67.2 + - - +
524A ILE* 3.3 25.7 + - + +
554A TRP* 5.8 6.3 - - + -
557A GLN* 5.7 8.5 - - + +
561A ILE* 4.1 22.4 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 521 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
517A LEU 3.7 3.7 + - - +
518A SER* 3.3 8.1 + - - +
520A VAL* 1.3 81.1 - - - +
522A ILE* 1.3 66.9 + - + +
525A ASN* 2.8 31.2 + - - +
558A PHE* 3.6 33.4 - - + +
561A ILE* 4.8 12.2 - - + +
562A ALA* 5.0 8.7 - - + -
565A THR* 6.4 1.1 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ILE 522 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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480A PHE* 5.3 12.6 - - + -
481A CYS* 5.7 15.5 - - + +
484A ILE* 4.5 23.8 - - + -
488A VAL* 6.0 2.0 - - + -
518A SER* 3.0 33.0 + - - +
519A VAL* 2.9 17.6 + - + +
521A ALA* 1.3 77.3 - - + +
523A GLY* 1.3 64.1 + - - +
525A ASN* 2.6 32.8 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLY 523 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
519A VAL* 2.4 20.1 + - - -
522A ILE* 1.3 79.5 - - - +
524A ILE* 1.3 66.4 + - - +
525A ASN* 3.6 0.3 + - - +
527A TYR* 3.2 20.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 524 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
520A VAL* 3.3 16.9 + - + +
521A ALA 3.3 2.6 + - - -
523A GLY* 1.3 81.7 - - - +
525A ASN* 1.3 69.9 + - - +
527A TYR* 3.7 21.3 - - + -
528A ARG* 3.1 37.4 + - + +
554A TRP* 4.6 33.5 - - + +
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Residues in contact with ASN 525 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
480A PHE* 6.0 4.6 - - - -
521A ALA* 2.8 30.1 + - - +
522A ILE* 2.6 28.3 + - - +
524A ILE* 1.3 80.7 - - - +
526A ILE* 1.3 91.1 + - + +
529A THR* 2.5 42.7 + - + +
554A TRP* 6.6 0.2 - - - -
558A PHE* 3.9 30.9 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ILE 526 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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464A ARG* 5.7 11.2 - - + +
477A GLU* 3.7 23.1 - - - +
478A ILE* 6.1 3.4 - - + -
522A ILE 5.2 0.2 - - - +
523A GLY 5.4 0.2 - - - +
525A ASN* 1.3 102.9 + - + +
527A TYR* 1.3 66.1 - - - +
529A THR* 3.1 8.3 - - - +
530A SER* 2.9 39.7 + - - -
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Residues in contact with TYR 527 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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523A GLY 3.2 23.1 + - - +
524A ILE* 3.6 23.3 - - + +
525A ASN 3.2 0.2 - - - -
526A ILE* 1.3 81.5 - - - +
528A ARG* 1.3 88.5 + - + +
531A ASN* 3.7 13.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 528 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
524A ILE* 3.1 31.1 + - + +
525A ASN 4.3 0.2 - - - +
527A TYR* 1.3 100.0 - - - +
529A THR* 1.3 72.4 + - + +
531A ASN* 3.1 22.7 - - - +
532A VAL* 3.4 11.0 + - - +
550A HIS* 2.9 44.2 + - - -
551A LEU* 4.2 21.2 - - + +
554A TRP* 3.2 30.8 - - + +
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Residues in contact with THR 529 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
462A LEU 5.3 3.1 - - - +
464A ARG* 5.9 3.7 - - - +
525A ASN* 2.5 30.6 + - + +
526A ILE* 3.1 11.6 - - - +
528A ARG* 1.3 79.7 - - + +
530A SER* 1.3 70.6 + - - +
531A ASN 2.9 1.7 + - - -
532A VAL* 3.1 6.4 + - - +
533A GLU* 3.0 35.4 + - - +
548A PHE* 6.1 6.5 - - + -
551A LEU* 5.3 11.7 - - + +
554A TRP* 6.2 2.9 - - + -
555A GLN* 6.2 5.2 - - + +
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Residues in contact with SER 530 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
465A TYR* 5.7 4.9 + - - -
526A ILE* 2.9 34.6 + - - +
529A THR* 1.3 79.0 + - - +
531A ASN* 1.3 63.4 + - - +
533A GLU* 3.7 17.7 + - - +
534A VAL* 4.3 8.5 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 531 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
527A TYR 3.7 14.5 + - - +
528A ARG* 3.1 17.0 + - - +
529A THR 2.9 0.8 + - - -
530A SER* 1.3 82.0 - - - +
532A VAL* 1.3 80.2 + - - +
533A GLU 3.4 0.5 + - - -
534A VAL* 3.5 16.8 - - - +
535A LEU* 5.5 1.7 - - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 532 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
528A ARG* 3.7 7.0 - - - +
529A THR 3.1 3.9 + - - +
531A ASN* 1.3 93.5 - - - +
533A GLU* 1.3 65.8 + - - +
534A VAL 2.9 5.3 + - - -
535A LEU* 3.2 30.3 - - + +
536A LEU* 3.0 32.7 + - + +
547A ASN 5.5 1.1 - - - +
551A LEU* 3.5 39.7 - - + -
1E NAG 4.4 12.8 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLU 533 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
462A LEU* 3.0 22.2 - - + +
463A ILE* 3.6 34.4 - - + +
464A ARG* 4.5 4.3 + - - +
465A TYR* 4.8 11.3 - - - -
529A THR* 3.0 36.3 + - - +
530A SER* 3.7 15.7 + - - +
531A ASN 3.3 0.4 - - - -
532A VAL* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
534A VAL* 1.3 64.1 + - + +
536A LEU* 3.2 30.9 - - + +
537A GLN* 3.4 4.9 + - - +
548A PHE* 5.7 3.6 - - + -
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Residues in contact with VAL 534 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
530A SER 4.3 7.9 - - - +
531A ASN 3.5 17.0 - - - +
532A VAL 2.9 1.2 + - - -
533A GLU* 1.3 76.2 - - + +
535A LEU* 1.3 56.0 + - + +
537A GLN* 2.6 37.1 + - - +
538A PHE* 3.5 18.4 - - + -
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Residues in contact with LEU 535 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
531A ASN* 5.5 1.1 - - - +
532A VAL* 3.2 39.5 - - + +
534A VAL* 1.3 82.0 - - + +
536A LEU* 1.3 63.2 + - + +
538A PHE* 2.6 34.9 + - + -
539A LEU* 2.7 39.5 + - + +
546A PRO* 4.9 2.2 - - + -
547A ASN 5.9 0.9 - - - +
1E NAG 4.2 20.4 - - + -
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Residues in contact with LEU 536 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
436A PHE* 6.2 3.1 - - + -
462A LEU* 5.7 12.1 - - + -
532A VAL* 3.0 43.1 + - + +
533A GLU* 3.2 30.1 - - + +
534A VAL 3.0 0.2 - - - -
535A LEU* 1.3 82.2 - - + +
537A GLN* 1.3 51.2 + - - +
540A GLU* 2.7 44.3 - - - +
546A PRO* 4.9 15.5 - - + -
547A ASN 5.1 2.2 - - - +
548A PHE* 3.5 34.3 - - + -
551A LEU* 4.2 7.0 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLN 537 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
533A GLU 3.4 4.4 + - - +
534A VAL* 2.6 21.8 + - - +
536A LEU* 1.3 75.6 - - - +
538A PHE* 1.3 73.6 + - + +
540A GLU* 4.3 6.0 + - - +
541A ASP* 2.9 32.3 + - - +
335B GLN* 5.7 1.6 - - - +
336B ASP* 3.3 42.9 + - - +
337B LEU* 4.6 15.9 - - - +
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Residues in contact with PHE 538 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
534A VAL* 3.5 31.2 - - + -
535A LEU* 2.6 19.7 + - + +
537A GLN* 1.3 84.8 - - + +
539A LEU* 1.3 61.6 + - - +
540A GLU 2.9 1.1 - - - -
541A ASP* 2.5 43.2 + - - +
542A GLN* 3.4 4.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 539 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
320A ARG* 6.0 0.4 - - - +
535A LEU* 2.7 32.3 + - + +
538A PHE* 1.3 74.5 - - - +
540A GLU* 1.3 49.2 + - - +
542A GLN* 5.5 0.2 - - - -
544A THR* 2.7 58.6 - - + +
545A PHE 4.5 2.5 - - - +
546A PRO* 3.5 33.8 - - + +
547A ASN 4.8 2.0 - - - +
1E NAG 4.8 18.4 - - + +
2E NAG 2.6 39.5 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 540 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
314A LEU* 5.0 4.2 - - - +
315A LEU 4.9 1.6 - - - +
316A LEU* 3.5 36.4 - - + +
317A GLY* 4.2 9.2 + - - +
436A PHE* 6.4 0.2 - - - -
536A LEU* 2.7 35.8 + - + +
537A GLN* 4.3 7.7 - - - +
538A PHE 2.9 0.8 + - - -
539A LEU* 1.3 79.7 - - - +
541A ASP* 1.3 62.0 + - - +
542A GLN 2.5 20.6 - - - +
544A THR 3.4 2.6 - - - +
546A PRO* 3.4 23.6 - - + +
337B LEU* 4.8 20.8 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 541 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
537A GLN* 2.9 29.6 + - - +
538A PHE* 2.5 38.9 + - - +
540A GLU* 1.3 80.8 - - + +
542A GLN* 1.3 81.2 + - - +
543A ASN* 3.7 1.0 + - - -
1001A NAG 5.7 0.7 - - - +
337B LEU* 6.3 1.8 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLN 542 (chain A).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
317A GLY* 4.9 0.2 - - - -
538A PHE 3.4 3.3 + - - +
539A LEU* 5.5 0.2 - - - -
540A GLU 2.5 22.8 - - - +
541A ASP* 1.3 91.9 + - - +
543A ASN* 1.3 59.5 + - + +
544A THR* 2.6 47.7 - - + +
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il