Table of Contents
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Subjects of this lecture
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Phylogenetics - WHY?
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From a common ancestor sequence, two
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One of the most striking features of life is all living organisms share �highly conserved regions� in proteins, particularly in proteins that are involved in information processing (transcription and translation).
Relationships of Phylogenetic Analysis and Sequences Analysis
How we calculate the Degree of Divergence
Relationships of Phylogenetic Analysis and Sequences Analysis
Relationships of Phylogenetic Analysis and Sequences Analysis
Relationships of Phylogenetic Analysis and Sequences Analysis
What is a phylogenetic tree?
What is a phylogenetic tree?
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In a phylogenetic tree...
In a phylogenetic tree...
Tree structure
Slide taken from Dr. Itai Yanai
The Molecular Clock Hypothesis
Rooted Tree = Cladogram
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Rooted versus Unrooted
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Selecting sequences for phylogenetic analysis
Selecting sequences for phylogenetic analysis
Known Problems of Multiple Alignments
Known Problems of Multiple Alignments
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Known Problems of Multiple Alignments
Selecting sequences for phylogenetic analysis
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Taken from Dr.Itai Yanai
Building Phylogenetic Trees
Character Based Methods
Character Based Methods
Character Based Methods
Character Based Methods - Maximum Parsimony
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Character Based Methods - Maximum Parsimony
Character Based Methods - Maximum Parsimony
Maximum Parsimony Methods are Available�
Character Based Methods - Maximum Likelihood
Character Based Methods - Maximum Likelihood
Maximum Likelihood method
Distances Methods
Distances Matrix Methods
Distances Matrix Methods
Common steps to build a TREE used by Distances method
Distance method steps
Distances Matrix Methods
Statistical Methods
Statistical Methods
Taken from Dr. Itai Yanai
Taken from Dr. Itai Yanai
Statistical Methods
Mutations in DNA as a source for evolutionary analysis
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DNA Substitution Mutations
Correction for likelihood of mutations in DNA sequences
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These evolutionary models improve the distance calculations between the sequences.
DNA Evolution Models
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How to draw Trees? (Building trees software)
A Tip...
Known problems of Phylogenetic Analysis
Known problems of Phylogenetic Analysis
Known problems of Phylogenetic Analysis
How many trees to build?
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